In vivo evidence of angiogenesis inhibition by ß2-glycoprotein I subfractions in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos

The vascular network expansion and functioning are important factors affecting normal intra-uterine fetal development. This study addressed the previously reported antiangiogenic potential of beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) in vivo in the chick embryo model of angiogenesis. The effects of two naturally occurring β2GPI forms on the development of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vessels and the chicken embryo were investigated. β2GPI monomers and dimers were obtained by fractioned purification and characterized using SDS-PAGE, immunoblot, and ELISA. The egg exposure was performed by injection of small volumes of 2.5 µg/mL solutions of the β2GPI subfractions. Angiogenesis was evaluated through quantitative measurements of vascular architecture parameters in the captured CAM images, using computational analysis of texture contrasts and computer vision techniques. Quantitative information was assigned to the CAM vasculature modifications. In vivo, the β2GPI dimer completely halted the formation of CAM vessels and led to embryo death after 48 h of exposure. The β2GPI monomer allowed the embryo to develop up to the 10th day, despite early changes of CAM vessels. The impaired normal vessel growth proceeded as a self-limited effect. The β2GPI monomer-exposed eggs showed reduced vascularization on the 6th day of incubation, but embryos were viable on the 10th day of incubation, with ingurgitated CAM vessels implying sequelae of the angiogenesis inhibition. Both subfractions impaired CAM vasculature development. The β2GPI dimer proved to be largely more harmful than the β2GPI monomer. β2GPI modification by cleavage or dimerization may play a role in angiogenesis control in vivo.

Estudios sobre el virus del papiloma humano y cáncer cervical en el Ecuador / Studies on the human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in Ecuador

El presente artículo recopila un extracto de las distintas ponencias realizadas por investigadores de diferentes lugares del Ecuador en el marco del Simposio sobre Cáncer Cervical y el virus del papiloma humano ocurrido en el 5° Congresosobre enfermedades infecciosas llevado a cabo en octubre del 2018 en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (Quito). Estas presentaciones presentan un diagnóstico acerca de la situación actual del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) y del cáncer cervical en nuestra región. Estas presentaciones complementan la información presentada en un evento similar realizado hace un par de años en las Jornadas Nacionales de Biología Espol 2016, constituyendo estas memorias en conjunto como uno de los pocos documentos disponibles que recopilan los últimos avances realizados en este campo en el Ecuador en años recientes.

Thisarticle compiles an extract of the different presentations made by researchers from different parts of Ecuador in the framework of the Symposium on Cervical Cancer and the human papillomavirus occurred at the 5th Congress on infectious diseases carried out in October 2018 at the Pontificia Catholic University of Ecuador (Quito). These presentations present a diagnosis about the current situation of human papilloma virus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer in our region. These presentations complement the informationpresented in a similar event held a couple of years ago at the National Conference of Biology Espol2016, constituting these memories together as one of the few documents available that assemble the latest advances made in this field in Ecuador in recent years.

Comparison of clinical and cognitive characteristics of a Mexican adult clinical population with and without ADHD / Comparación de las características clínicas y cognitivas de una población clínica adulta mexicana con y sin TDAH

Abstract Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

Resumen Introducción El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p < .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.

Effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics and morphology the bone in rat femurs / Efeitos do consumo de etanol e da desintoxicação alcóolica sobre a biomecânica e morfologia óssea em fêmur de ratos

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics, area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone in rat femur. This was an experimental study in which 18 male Wistar rats were used, with 40 days of age, weighing 179±2.5 g. The rats were divided into three groups (n=06): CT (control), AC (chronic alcoholic), DT (detoxification). After experimental procedures, the animals were euthanized by an overdose of the anesthetic and their femurs were collected for mechanical testing and histological processing. All animals did not present malnutrition or dehydration during experimentation period. Morphometric analysis of cortical and trabecular bones in rat femurs demonstrated that AC animals showed inferior dimensions and alcohol detoxification (DT) allowed an enhancement in area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone. Material and structural properties data of AC group highlighted the harmful effects of ethanol on bone mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrated that chronic alcoholic rats (AC) presented major bone damage in all analyzed variables. Those findings suggested that alcohol detoxification is highly suggested in pre-operative planning and this corroborates to the success of bone surgery and bone tissue repair. Thanks to the financial support offered by PROBIC – UNIFENAS.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do consumo de etanol e da desintoxicação alcoólica sobre a biomecânica, área e espessura do osso cortical e trabecular em fêmur de ratos. Este foi um estudo experimental no qual foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar machos, com 40 dias de vida, pesando 179±2,5 g. Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos (n=06): CT (controle), AC (alcoolista crônico), e DT (desintoxicado). Após os procedimentos experimentais os animais foram eutanaziados por uma overdose de anestésico e os fêmures coletados para os testes mecânicos e processamento histológico. Todos os animais não apresentaram desnutrição ou desidratação durante o período de experimentação. As análises morfométrica do osso cortical e trabecular demonstraram que os animais do grupo AC apresentavam dimensões inferiores, enquanto nos animais do grupo DT observou-se um aumento na área e espessura do osso cortical e trabecular. Dados dos materiais e das propriedades estruturais óssea do grupo AC destacam os efeitos nocivos do etanol sobre as propriedades mecânicas do osso. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os ratos do grupo AC apresentaram danos significativos no osso em todas as variáveis ​​analisadas. Esses resultados sugerem que a desintoxicação alcoólica é recomendada no planejamento pré-operatório e isso corrobora para o sucesso de cirurgias e reparação no tecido ósseo. Agradecemos ao apoio financeiro oferecido pelo PROBIC – UNIFENAS.

Bilateral hydrosalpinx in a mare - a case report / Hidrossalpinge bilateral em égua - relato de caso

During a research visit for tissue collection at an abattoir located in Pelotas, Brazil, one female genital tract showed both enlarged oviducts. The reproductive tract was collected and analyzed. Occluded uterine tubes and an increase in the organ volume due to the large amount of fluid in the organ lumen were the macroscopic findings. Three samples, corresponding to isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum from each uterine tube and one sample from the endometrium were collected. Samples were fixed in Bouin's solution and processed in light microscopy. Microscopically a decrease in the number of folds and also an increase in the lumen of the organ were observed, mainly in the ampulla and infundibulum. The epithelial lining of the uterine tubes ranged from ciliated to simple squamous. Inflammatory cells were observed between the epithelial cells and in the lamina propria. Hydrosalpinx is difficult to diagnose and can be a cause of infertility in the mare.

Durante uma visita de pesquisa para coleta de tecido em um abatedouro localizado na cidade de Pelotas, Brasil, foi observado um trato genital com aumento do tamanho dos ovidutos. O trato reprodutivo foi coletado e analisado. Os achados macroscópicos observados foram tubas uterinas ocluídas e com aumento do volume do órgão devido à grande quantidade de líquido na luz do órgão. Três amostras, correspondendo a istmo, ampola e infundíbulo, e uma amostra do endométrio foram coletadas. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de Bouin e processadas para microscopia de luz. Microscopicamente foi observada uma diminuição no número de pregas e um aumento do lúmen do órgão, principalmente na ampola e no infundíbulo. O epitélio de revestimento das tubas uterinas variou de cilíndrico ciliado a pavimentoso simples. Células inflamatórias foram observadas entre as células epiteliais e na lâmina própria das tubas uterinas. A hidrossalpinge é difícil de ser diagnosticada e pode ser uma causa de infertilidade na égua.

Prokaryotic communities of acidic peatlands from the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The acidic peatlands of southern Brazil are ecosystems essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Forest, one of the 25 hot-spots of biodiversity in the world. In this work, we investigated the composition of prokaryotic communities in four histosols of three acidic peatland regions by constructing small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene libraries and sequencing. SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the prevalence of Acidobacteria (38.8%) and Proteobacteria (27.4%) of the Bacteria domain and Miscellaneous (58%) and Terrestrial (24%) groups of Crenarchaeota of the Archaea domain. As observed in other ecosystems, archaeal communities showed lower richness than bacterial communities. We also found a limited number of Euryarchaeota and of known methanotrophic bacteria in the clone libraries.

Diversity of 16S rRNA genes from bacteria of sugarcane rhizosphere soil

Sugarcane is an important agricultural product of Brazil, with a total production of more than 500 million tons. Knowledge of the bacterial community associated with agricultural crops and the soil status is a decisive step towards understanding how microorganisms influence crop productivity. However, most studies aim to isolate endophytic or rhizosphere bacteria associated with the plant by culture-dependent approaches. Culture-independent approaches allow a more comprehensive view of entire bacterial communities in the environment. In the present study, we have used this approach to assess the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of sugarcane at different times and under different nitrogen fertilization conditions. At the high taxonomic level, few differences between samples were observed, with the phylum Proteobacteria (29.6 percent) predominating, followed by Acidobacteria (23.4 percent), Bacteroidetes (12.1 percent), Firmicutes (10.2 percent), and Actinobacteria (5.6 percent). The exception was the Verrucomicrobia phylum whose prevalence in N-fertilized soils was approximately 0.7 percent and increased to 5.2 percent in the non-fertilized soil, suggesting that this group may be an indicator of nitrogen availability in soils. However, at low taxonomic levels a higher diversity was found associated with plants receiving nitrogen fertilizer. Bacillus was the most predominant genus, accounting for 19.7 percent of all genera observed. Classically reported nitrogen-fixing and/or plant growth-promoting bacterial genera, such as Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Burkholderia were also found although at a lower prevalence.

Apoptotic ratios and mitotic abnormalities in 17-Beta-estradiol-transformed human breast epithelial MCF-10F cells / Índices apoptóticos e anormalidades mitóticas em células epiteliais mamárias humanas MCF-10F transformadas pelo 17-Beta-estradiol

Treatment of human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F with 17-β-estradiol has been reported to result in E2-transformed cells which have given rise to highly invasive C5 cells that in turn generate tumors in SCID mice. From these tumors, various cell lines, among which C5-A6-T6 and C5-A8-T8, were obtained. Although different phases of the tumorigenesis process in this model have been studied in molecular biology and image analysis assays, no cytological data on apoptotic ratios and mitotic abnormalities have been established to accompany the various steps leading to 17-β-estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells to tumorigenesis. Here we detected that the apoptotic ratio decreases with the transformation and tumorigenesis progress, except for the tumor cell line C5-A8-T8, probably on account of its more intense proliferation rate and a more rapid culture medium consumption. Increased frequency of mitotic abnormalities contributed by triple- and tetrapolar metaphases, and by lagging chromosomes and chromosome bridges observed at the anaphase found by transformation and tumorigenesis progress. However, no difference was found under these terms when the C5-A6-T6 and C5-A8-T8 tumor cell lines were compared to each other. Present findings are in agreement with the nuclear instability and enrichment of dysregulated genes in the apoptotic process promoted by transformation and tumorigenesis in 17-β-estradiol-treated MCF-10F cells.

O tratamento das células epiteliais mamárias humanas MCF-10F com 17-β-estradiol tem sido relatado como resultando nas células transformadas E2, que deram origem às células C5, altamente invasivas, e que geraram tumores em camundongos SCID. A partir desses tumores foram originadas em cultura células tumorais, dentre as quais C5-A6-T6 e C5-A8-T8. Embora diversas fases do processo tumorigênico neste modelo tenham sido estudadas por ensaios de biologia molecular e análise de imagem, não foram ainda estimados dados citológicos referentes a índices apoptóticos e anomalias mitóticas que acompanhassem os vários passos que levam as células CF-10F tratadas com 17-β-estradiol à tumorigênese. Neste trabalho detectamos que o índice apoptótico decresce com a transformação e o avanço da tumorigênese, exceto na linhagem celular tumoral C5-A8-T8, provavelmente por causa de sua velocidade de proliferação mais intensa, que poderia levá-la a um consumo mais rápido do meio de cultura presente e à morte celular. Um aumento na frequência de anomalias mitóticas contribuídas por metáfases tripolares e tetrapolares e por pontes cromossômicas e cromossomos desgarrados, identificáveis na anáfase, foi observado com a transformação e o progresso da tumorigênese. Contudo não foram detectadas diferenças nesses parâmetros quando se compararam as linhagens tumorais C5-A6-T6 e C5-A8-T8 entre si. Os presentes achados estão de acordo com a instabilidade nuclear e o enriquecimento em desregulação de genes que atuam no processo apoptótico, promovidos pela transformação e tumorigênese nas células MCF-10F tratadas com 17-β-estradiol.

Estudo e determinação teórica de propriedades físico-químicas de fármacos anti-hipertensivos inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina / Theoretical study and determination of physicochemical properties of antihypertensive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

O pacote de softwares SpartanTM vs 04 foi utilizado para calcular algumas propriedades físico-químicas de uma série de inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensinogênio ECA. Simultaneamente, o pacote MarvinSketch 5.0.0 foi empregado para calcular o Coeficiente de Partição P dos inibidores. Através da análise dos resultados, conclui-se que: a) o arranjo termodinâmico mais estável desses inibidores mimetiza aquele dos resíduos pré-terminais da angiotensina II, b) há grande similaridade entre as cargas dos átomos que se ligam à macromolécula e c) os cálculos mostram diferenças significativas entre os valores de P para os inibidores. Portanto, as diferenças farmacológicas existentes entre os inibidores estão mais intimamente relacionadas ao coeficiente de partição do que à capacidade destes de inibir o sítio ativo da ECA.

The software package SpartanTM 4.0 was employed to calculate some physicochemical properties of a series of available ACE inhibitors. Simultaneously, the program MarvinSketch 5.0.0 was employed to calculate the partition coefficients (P) of the same compounds. After analyzing the results, we conclude that: a) from a thermodynamic point of view, the most stable conformer of each inhibitor resembles, as expected, the most stable spatial arrangement of the preterminal residues of angiotensin II; b) there is great similarity among the charge profiles of the potential binding sites of all the inhibitors; c) there are large differences in P among these compounds. Summing up, the pharmacological differences reported between the inhibitors are more closely linked to their lipophilic properties than to their capacity to block the ACE active center.

Anatomical evaluation of some morphological abnormalities related to periodontal diseases

The presence of some dental abnormalities as a predisposal factor to installation of localized periodontal alterations. The present study was to evaluate the frequency of development abnormalities present on a sample of molars that may predispose to occurrence and progression of periodontal disease. Two hundred and seventy seven molars (141 maxillary and 136 mandibular molars) were selected for this study. The evaluations were performed by two examiners together who was trained and calibrated for the study. All measurements were made by direct visualization with a magnifying glass. The following clinical parameters were measured: Enamel cervical projections; Root trunk: in the three different extensions (<3 mm, >3 mm and <6 mm, >6 mm); Enamel pearls: presence (1) or absence (0). The anatomic observations were made on four surfaces of the tooth: mesial, distal, vestibular and palatal/lingual. Descriptive statistics and percentage distribution were performed. A total of 130 molars showed at least some degree of enamel cervical projection and the most frequent score was the degree 1, according to Masters and Hoskins classification. Fifteen teeth presented enamel pearls and the root trunk was more evident on the group with variation from 3 to 6 mm of extension, observed in 64 teeth. It can be concluded that the presence of development abnormalities is a frequent finding in molars and it has to be taken into consideration during periodontal examination and therapy.

Effects of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality of Mexican lambs / Efeito do cruzamento sobre o rendimento de carcaça e a qualidade da carne de cordeiros mexicanos

Twenty hair (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly) and 20 wool (Rambouillet x Criollo) lambs were fattened in an intensive feeding system to reach 40kg body weight at ten months of age. The yield of lamb sides and back fat (51.9 percent, 2.5mm vs. 47.0 percent, 2.3mm) were greater in wool lambs. Meat pH was not different between phenotypes but meat temperature was higher during the first hours postmortem in wool lamb sides (27, 23, and 20, vs. 24, 20, and 17ºC). Protein content in meat from the neck (braquicephalic and esternocephalic muscles) and loin (Longissimus lumborum muscle) were higher in hair lambs (21.1 and 20.4 vs. 19.7 and 19.3 percent), while moisture of the same muscles was higher in wool lambs (75.6 and 75.9 vs. 73.6 and 74.3 percent). Ash content was similar in both phenotypes, but palmitoleic acid was greater in hair lambs (2.9 and 2.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.5 percent). In fresh meat, pH, meat toughness, and water activity (Wa) of loin did not differ; but water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in hair lambs, and the same response was observed for cooked meat toughness from the neck, and in raw and cooked meat from loin. There were differences in the colour of meat from the neck, having values for L*, b* and tonalities greater in wool lambs, and a* greater for hair lambs. Sensorial parameters were similar in both phenotypes.

Vinte cordeiros deslanados (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly) e 20 cordeiros lanados (Rambouillet x Criollo) foram mantidos em um sistema intensivo de alimentação até atingirem 40kg, aos 10 meses de idade. O rendimento de carcaça e a espessura da gordura foram maiores nos cordeiros lanados (51,9 por cento, 2,5mm vs. 47,0 por cento, 2,3mm). Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos de cordeiros para pH, mas a temperatura da carne foi mais alta durante as primeiras horas pós-morte, nas meias-carcaças dos cordeiros lanados (27, 23, 20 vs. 24, 20, 17ºC). O conteúdo proteico da carne do pescoço (músculos braquicefálico e esternocefálico) e do lombo (músculo Longissimus lumborum) foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados (21,1 e 20,4 vs. 19,7 e 19,3 por cento) enquanto o teor de umidade foi maior nas lanados (75,6 e 75,9 vs 73,6 e 74,3 por cento). O conteúdo de cinzas não diferiu entre os dois grupos de cordeiros, mas o ácido palmitoleico foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados (2,9 e 2,7 vs 2,7 e 2,5 por cento). Na carne fresca, o pH, a maciez da carne e a atividade da água (Wa) do lombo não diferiram entre os grupos, mas a capacidade de retenção de água (WHc) foi maior nos cordeiros deslanados, e a mesma resposta foi observada para a maciez da carne cozida do pescoço e do lombo fresco e cozido. Houve diferenças para cor da carne do pescoço com valores de L*, b* e maior tonalidade entre os cordeiros lanados, e maior a* para os deslanados. Os parâmetros sensoriais foram semelhantes nos dois grupos.

Evaluación del efecto antioxidante de hojas de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, ômacaõ / Antioxidant effect of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón maca leaves

La maca crece en los departamentos alto andinos, de la Cordillera de los Andes del Perú, entre 3500 y 4700 m.s.n.m. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante de las hojas de Lepidium peruvianum Chacon, ôMacaõ. Materiales y Método: Se utilizaron hojas de maca, molidas, de la zona de Junín, a partir de las cuales se prepararon, por maceración, 3 extractos : 1) en éter etílico (EEE), 2) en agua destilada (EAD) y 3) en alcohol etílico (EAE). Posteriormente fueron filtrados y evaporados en un Rotavapor Laborota 4003, Heidolph. La evaluación del efecto antioxidante, se realizó por el método de DPPH, comparando el coeficiente de inhibición-50 (IC50) con la Vitamina C. Resultados: La captación de radicales libres (%) a 100 ug/m fue: EEE=99.63 , EAE=94.87, EAD= 99.37 , VIT C=, 94.72, a 50 ug/ml : EEE=96.83 , EAE=89.93, EAD= 86.57, VIT C= 93.69 , a 25ug/ml : EEE= 95.24, EAE=90.84, EAD= 78.02, VIT C=84.63, a 1 ug/ml: EEE=92.31, EAE=94.87, EAD= 35.53, VIT C=84.01. Asimismo, encontramos que el IC-50 (ug/ml) fue: EEE= 63.78, EAE=249, EAD= 75.29, VIT C= 1.76. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran la capacidad antioxidante de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, la que podría estar relacionada con la presencia de flavonoides (quercetina) y de antocianinas, entre otros compuestos.

Maca grows in the Andean regions of Peru between 3500 and 4700 meters above sea level. Objectives: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of Lepidium peruvianum Chacon, ôMacaõ leaves. Materials and Method: In the present study, we used ground leaves of maca from the Junìn region from where three types of extracts were prepared by maceration: 1) ethel ether extract (EEE), 2) water extract (EAD) and 3) ethyl alcohol extract (EAE). Evaluation of the antioxidant effect was performed by the DPPH method, comparing the coefficient of inhibition-50 (IC50) with Vitamin C. Results: Capture of free radicals (%) at 100 ug/ml was: EEE=99.63, EAE=94.87, EAD = 99,37, VIT C =, 94,72, at 50 ug/ml: EEE=96.83, EAE=89.93, EAD = 86,57, VIT C = 93,69, at 2üg/ml: EEE = 95,24, EAE=90.84, EAD = 78,02, VIT C=84.63, at 1 ug/ml: EEE=92.31, EAE=94.87, EAD = 35,53, VIT C=84.01. Also, we found that the IC- 50 (ug/ml) was: EEE = 63,78, EAE=249, EAD = 75,29, VIT C = 1.76. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the antioxidant capacity of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, that could be related to the presence of flavonoids (quercetin) and anthocyanins, among other compounds.

Echo 5 isolation in polio-like disease

Echovirus type 5 was isolated from 3 out of 20 cases with clinical pictures stimulating poliomyelitis. The procedures used for identification were described, clinical data presented and the paper was discussed. (Summary)

Virological studies of hospitalized cases of poliomyelitis

One hundred nine cases of poliomyelitis admitted to the Polio Pavilion of the San Lazaro Hospital in 1961 were studied. At least paired serum samples and in some instances, triple serum samples were collected from them. Ninety-one had matching stool specimensVirus isolation was done on the 91 stool samples and complement fixation test on the 129 paired or triple serum samplesThe pertinent findings were as follows: (1) only half of the cases clinically recognized as poliomyelitis could be confirmed by either or both tests employed; (2) about one-third of the agents isolated from stools were non-polio; (3) the most prevalent type of poliovirus causing clinically apparent illness is type 1. The least common is type 2; (4) poliomyelitis is still an infantile type of disease in this country since the majority of the confirmed cases occurred in the age group 0-23 months; (5) maternal antibodies may cease to be protective even before an infant reaches 4 months of age; (6) during the period of study, cases of poliomyelitis were more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. (Summary)

La respuesta orgánica al estrés en la práctica clínica / Organic stress response in clinical practice

La respuesta de estres ha surgido en la naturaleza como un mecanismo para proteger al individuo retornándolo a su homeostasis. Como parte de dicha actividad se involucran mecanismos celulares y humorales que en forma de cascadas interreguladas pueden lograr el objetivo primordial. En ocasiones las lesiones primarias desencadenan respuestas sistemicas severas que ponen en peligro la vida del sujeto. La capacidad de respuesta oy control del estrés está determinada geneticamente, lo que afecta tanto el metabolismo intermediario como el de sintesis y la capacidad de fosforilacion mitocondrial. Los diferentes cambios morfologicos en los organelos celulares determinaron si hay reparacion o si se supera el punto de no retorno. Como parte de las ayudas terapeuticas se tienen: la optimizacion de la volemia; el logro de la atenuacion y el pago temprano de la deuda de oxigeno; el aporte de los nutrientes y cofactores que preferencialmente utilice el organismo para obtener energia; y finalmente, debe continuarse el análisis de las condiciones experimentales y clinicas en las que se utilizan moduladores de las respuestas primarias o antagonistas, especificos de las respuestas antibacterianas.

Estudio multicéntrico de buprenorfina en el dolor moderado-severo y muy severo en población mexicana / Multicentric study with buprenorphine for moderate-severe to severe pain in Mexican population

Buprenorfina un analgésico central, fue administrada a 1323 pacientes en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato, en Dolor Agudo No Post Operatorio y en Dolor Crónico Oncológico. El 90 porciento de los pacientes obtuvieron una calidad de analgesia de muy satisfactoria a completa, con un periodo de duración de más de seis horas; hubo escasos efectos secundarios y la incidencia de depresión respiratoria asociada al tratamiento fue estimado como menor al 2 porciento. El nivel de satisfacción de médico, enfermera y paciente en relación al tratamiento fue por arriba del 90 porciento.

Estado nutricional y bucal de niños de 3-6 años / Nutritional and oral state of children aged 3-6 years old

Es evaluado y estudiado el estado nutricional y su relación con el estado bucal para determinar la implantación de medidas preventivas directas o la necesidad de educar y promover una alimentación balanceada en la población

Citodiagnostico en la patologia tumoral dermatologica / Citodiagnosis in tumoral cutaneous pathology

Fue el objetivo de este estudio realizar la comapración entre la citología y la histología de lesiones dermatológicas a efectos de determinar si el citodiagnóstico es válido para ser aplicado en la patología cutánea. Fueron incluidos dentro del protocolo 150 casos con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de patología tumoral maligna. Los resultados fueron evaluados de acuerdo a la patología en general, a cada patología en particular y a la forma en que fue obtenida la toma. Para evaluar la utilidad desde el punto de vista dermatológico se recurrió a pruebas de discriminancia, tomando como base diagnóstica de certeza aquella arrojada por la histopatología, con los siguientes resultados: Sensibilidad: 63,26%, Especificidad: 88,46%, Valor Predictivo +: 91,18% y Valor Predictivo-: 56,10%. Los resultados fueron exitosos en el caso de los epiteliomas basocelulares, altamente orientadores en las metástasis de melanoma e insatisfactorios en epiteliomas espinocelulares. Si se considera la frecuencia de os epitelios basocelulares dentro de la patología tumoral dermatológica, el citodiagnóstico se constituye en un recurso rápido y económico, que ocasionando un mínimo de incomodidad al paciente puede agilizar el plan de estudio establecido. No excluye ni invalida la realización de la anatomía patológica tisular

Captopril como droga monoterapica de la hipertensión diastolica / Captopril as drug monotherapy of diatolic hypertension

La efectividad e inocuidad del captopril, como droga monoterápica, fue evaluada en 35 pacientes con hipertensión diastólica crónica de etiología desconocida, en un estudio abierto de 8 días de duración. Fueron administrados 75 mg diarios de la droga, en forma de comprimidos por vía oral. La efectividad hipotensora fue del 82 por ciento. El 31,4 de los pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, ocurriendo la respuesta a primera dosis en el 11,2 por ciento no siendo necesaria la suspensión de la medicación en ningún caso